Common name: Caspian Tern
Scientific name: Hydroprogne caspia
Family: Laridae

Size:
Body length: 48–55 cm
Wingspan: 127–140 cm
Weight: 500–700 g

Identification:
The largest tern species, with a robust build and powerful flight. It has a pale grey upperbody, white underparts, and a distinctive black cap that recedes slightly in non-breeding plumage. The bill is thick, bright red to orange, and slightly downcurved. In flight, it shows broad wings and a strong, steady wingbeat, lacking the delicate appearance of smaller terns.

Habitat:
Coastal waters, lagoons, estuaries, large lakes, and rivers. Often seen over open water or resting on sandbars and islands.

Status in the UAE:
Common winter visitor and passage migrant. Regularly recorded along coastlines and inland wetlands.

Diet:
Carnivorous — feeds mainly on fish, caught by plunge-diving from the air. Occasionally takes crustaceans and other aquatic prey.

Behavior:
Usually seen singly or in small groups. Hunts by flying high before diving steeply into the water. Known for its loud, harsh calls. Flight is powerful and direct compared to smaller terns.

Conservation status:
Least Concern (IUCN Red List)