Common name: Lebanon Mountain Viper
Scientific name: Montivipera bornmuelleri
Family: Viperidae

Size:
Total length: 50–75 cm

Identification:
A medium-sized viper with a relatively stout body and a short tail. Coloration typically ranges from grey to brown with darker zigzag or irregular dorsal patterns, often well adapted to rocky mountain terrain. The head is broad and triangular, clearly distinct from the neck, with vertical pupils. The scales are strongly keeled, giving a rough texture.

Habitat:
High-altitude mountainous regions, rocky slopes, alpine meadows, and areas with sparse vegetation. Usually found at elevations above 1500 meters.

Status in Lebanon:
Endemic and rare. Restricted to high mountain areas, particularly Mount Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon ranges.

Diet:
Carnivorous — feeds on small mammals, lizards, and occasionally birds.

Behavior:
Mostly diurnal in cooler conditions but may become crepuscular or nocturnal during warmer periods. Often remains well camouflaged among rocks. When threatened, it may hiss and strike defensively. Venomous and medically significant. Relatively slow-moving but capable of rapid strikes.

Conservation status:
Endangered (IUCN Red List)