Common name: Palestine Viper
Scientific name: Daboia palaestinae
Family: Viperidae

Size:
Average length: 80–120 cm
Maximum length: up to 135 cm

Identification:
The largest and most medically significant venomous snake in Lebanon. It has a heavy, robust body, a broad triangular head distinct from the neck, and strongly keeled scales. Coloration varies from grey and olive-brown to sandy brown, usually with a series of dark oval or zigzag markings along the back. The eyes are relatively large with vertical pupils.

Habitat:
Rocky hillsides, scrublands, agricultural areas, forest edges, stone terraces, valleys, and rural landscapes.

Status in Lebanon:
Native resident and widespread throughout suitable habitats from coastal regions to mountainous areas.

Diet:
Carnivorous — feeds primarily on rodents, birds, lizards, and other small vertebrates.

Behavior:
Mainly nocturnal during warm months but may be active during the day in cooler seasons. Often found near rodent-rich habitats such as agricultural land and stone walls. Relies on camouflage and generally remains motionless when approached, but may hiss loudly and strike defensively if threatened.

Venom:
Highly venomous and responsible for the majority of serious snakebite incidents in Lebanon. Its venom contains powerful hemotoxic components that affect blood clotting, blood vessels, and tissues. Bites require immediate medical attention and administration of appropriate antivenom.

Conservation Status:
Least Concern (LC)

Risk:
High. This species should never be approached or handled. Most bites occur when snakes are accidentally stepped on, disturbed, or intentionally approached.