The Ruff (Calidris pugnax) is a medium-sized wading bird known for its distinct breeding plumage and elaborate courtship displays. Males are larger than females and exhibit an impressive array of colorful ruffs and tufts around their necks during the breeding season, which they use in display to attract females. Outside of the breeding season, both sexes are mottled brown and white, blending in well with wetland environments. The Ruff breeds in northern Europe and Asia and migrates to warmer climates during winter, with stopovers in wetlands throughout Europe, Africa, and parts of the Middle East, including the UAE. It is often seen in marshes, shallow lakes, and flooded fields, foraging for insects, crustaceans, and plant material. Conservation of wetland habitats is vital for the survival of this migratory species, as it depends on these ecosystems for feeding and resting during its long migrations.