The Euphrates Jerboa (Scarturus euphratica) is a small, nocturnal desert rodent recorded in Lebanon’s eastern regions, particularly within the dry landscapes of the northern Bekaa and areas near the Syrian border. Adapted to open, sandy and gravelly habitats, it is easily recognized by its elongated hind legs, long tufted tail, and compact body, all specialized for rapid, bounding movement across exposed ground. This jerboa spends the day in burrows to escape heat, emerging at night to forage on seeds, green shoots, and occasionally insects. Its presence in Lebanon highlights the country’s lesser-known semi-desert ecosystems, where it plays an important ecological role as both a seed consumer and prey species, contributing to the balance of these fragile habitats.