The Rock Dove (Columba livia), also known as the Rock Pigeon, is a widespread and adaptable bird found across urban areas, cliffs, and rocky habitats. Native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, it has since spread globally due to domestication and urbanization. Known for its characteristic bluish-gray plumage with two black wing bars, the species exhibits a remarkable range of color variations due to genetic diversity and interbreeding with feral pigeons. Rock Doves are resilient and social birds, often seen foraging in flocks, feeding on seeds, grains, and human food scraps. Their long history with humans includes use in messaging, racing, and religious symbolism, reflecting their deep cultural significance.